There is no such person who has never heard the word "hemorrhoids".It is used by all those who are not lazy, even those who have nothing to do with the medicine.
The term "hemorrhoids" itself comes from two Greek words -"Haem"(“Blood”) and"Rhoos"("Bleeding").
The concept is unclear because not every bleeding is a consequence of hemorrhoids, and does not always cause blood.In this case, the concept of "hemorrhoids" is suitable for the broadest concept of "hemorrhoids" - swelling, bloating that occur during a fertilizer.
Description of the problem
Hemorrhoids are special anal formations located under the rectum.In the structure, they are a plexus of venous vessels.They are located inside and outside the mucous membrane.From the location of these formations, hemorrhoids of internal and external nature are separated.
These plexuses themselves perform a protective function: they protect the rectum from the failure of the feces and liquid gases, and also completely close the anal canal.According to statistics, 20 % of adults suffer from this disease.And it is precisely this disease that is the cause of the campaign for the specialist.
Which contributes to the occurrence and development of the disease
Hemorrhoids are normal with only one pair of parks.In case of severe or prolonged physical exercise, these ligaments can be shattered.In case of violation of the integrity of the ligaments, hemorrhoids are overflowing with blood.The consequence of this is their loss and bleeding.
Vienna, providing normal blood flow from the mucosa, becomes squeezed.Blood begins to stagnate.
Factors provoking the development of hemorrhoids
The pathology itself does not arise as, itself.Has occurred and development is influenced by several factors:
- The hereditary factor (in the hemorrhoids and veins there are no valves that provide blood flow).
- Increased pressure on the veins.
- Carriages in intestinal work (constipation, diarrhea), a frequent visit to the toilet.
- Pregnancy, birth, improvement of the disease clinic.
- A sedentary lifestyle, standing position for a long period.
- Some sports and professions.
- Nutrition characteristics (alcohol, spicy food).But this contributes more to deterioration, not development.
Pay attention!Even in the presence of anal canal bleeding, we cannot talk about the manifestation of hemorrhoids.To confirm the diagnosis, analysis and rectum examination is needed:
- Colonoscopy.
- Anoscopy.
- Sector.
Bleeding and joints can occur with intestinal inflammation and in malignant formations.
Hemorrhoids: Symptoms and classification
Location of nodes:
- Outer
- INTERNAL
- Mixed.
First view- Enlargement of venous vessels located under the line of rectum gears.This species is characterized by edematous manifestations, the presence of disturbance in the rectum.With this type of pathology, severe pain is characterized.
The second view- enlargement of the hemorrhoids themselves located below the line.Hemorrhoids are divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 degrees (the severity of the disease depends on the severity of the joints).There are also acute and chronic hemorrhoids, derived from a disease.
Chronic hemorrhoids
Clinical photo:
- Periodically, blood is released from the anus.
- Loss of plexus within the mucosa.
- Itching and burning in the anus.
- Downloading from the rectum.
Symptoms of chronic hemorrhoids
Intestinal bleeding
This is the most common symptom with this disease occurred in 10 % of patients.According to statistics, the most common occurrence is when the gut is empty.Manifestations can be intense and not too much, and are natural episodic.The color of the discharge is red, in the form of "varnish" (occurs with a throttle), or - at the end of the emptying (in the form of points).If, after the previous emptying into the anus, the blood would remain, the other in the other would come up with a dark or grouping.
70-80 % of cases-clinical hemorrhoids.With constipation and diarrhea, alcohol intake, spicy foods and severe physical exercise, bleeding also occurs.The consequence of this is the appearance of anemia.
The manifestation of anal bleeding is not always a sign of this disease.Can occur in other intestinal diseases.If it happens to people over 40-45 years old, then you should consult a doctor.Also, if people with a predisposition to oncology are required a visit to the doctor.
Bleeding can occur for those diseases:
- Colon diverticula.
- Crohn's disease.
- Malignant neoplasm of the rectum.
- Bowel polyps.
If you notice the discharge from the anus, consult with a proctologist and perform the necessary direct and large intestinal examinations.
Extension of venous plexuses
This symptom already occurs at the stage of a long course of the disease.First, it occurs with the destruction of the intestine.Further, the symptom appears with a drowning.If the pathology is acute, then it falls without effort.Divide independently in 2 stages.In 3 stages, they are adjusted manually due to a decrease in anal muscle tone.They fall completely in 4 stages.
Anal pain
Bleeding is not the only reason a specialist comes.And this is not necessarily hemorrhoids.Anus pain syndrome can occur at an acute stage of the disease.Reasons:
- Constipation.
- Frequent visit to the toilet.
- Anal cracks.
- Plombosis of the joints.
If treatment is done incorrectly, the anal crack will enter the chronic phase.
Intestinal flow
The nature of discharge in this disease is diluted with water or mucous membranes.Arise as a result of episodic loss of joints.With bleeding, pay attention to mucous secretions.Most often, they are when joints or mucosa fall.Other reasons are neoplasms (polypes villous, tumor).
Itching in the anus
These symptoms, such as itching in the anus, as well as anal discomfort, occur with colon dysfunction.They occur, as a rule, in the late stage of the disease.
ClaSSIFICaTION
1 phase- Venous plexuses do not fall out.Red blood color released.
Stage 2- Fallen joints are adjusted by themselves (with or without blood release).
Stage 3- The nodes fall episodically and become better by hand.
4 phase- newspaper and mucous membrane of the rectum begin to fall constantly.Manual landing becomes impossible.
Hemorrhoids
It usually occurs with chronic phase irritation.The most common manifestations:
- External joints with the appearance of thrombosis.
- Extension of trombered internal plexuses.
If thrombosis occurs, the joints are compressed and increase in size.A severe pain syndrome occurs in the anal opening area.
Treatment of acute hemorrhoids
In the thrombosis stage, thromboectomy is possible (removing a thrombus joint and removing a thrombus).The operation is performed under local anesthesia.Duration - a few minutes.After surgery, the pain immediately begins to decrease.
When internal hemorrhoids fall, swollen phenomena and inflammation occur.Surgical intervention is contraindicated due to possible complications.Therapy:
- The use of ointments and candles.
- Pills.
If you notice timely manifestations, the duration of the acute phase decreases to one week.If the pathology is not treated for a long time, purulent inflammation can occur.
3 stages of the disease in the acute course
- The appearance of blood clots in the inner and outer venous plexuse.There is no inflammation.
- The presence of blood clots in the joints, with the presence of inflammation.
- Against the backdrop of the above signs, the inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue develops.Complications occur - bleeding, purulent inflammation.
How to treat hemorrhoids in chronic stage
Hemorrhoids are a serious, unpleasant but reference disease.There are many methods of treatment for its elimination.The treatment system is constantly improving.Each method has no doubt, pros and cons.And they are used depending on the stage.The following factors influence the use of a particular methodology:
- Course of the disease.
- The nature of the discharge.
- The patient's age.
- Frequency of bleeding.
The difficulty lies in the fact that many methods are based on the same indications for treatment, and the choice of optimals becomes not easy.In this case, you need to combine the necessary methods.According to the classification, 3 types of treatment are distinguished:
- Conservative.
- Small invading.
- OPErATiONAl
First degree hemorrhoids
Loss of joints by releasing blood or not:
- Mandatory normalization of food (with a high percentage of fibers).
- Taking medicines that reduce inflammation and enlargement of venous vessels.
- Rectal candles, ointments for external use for irritation.
Hemorrhoids of degree II
Self -dact the affected joints:
- Fixing the hemorrhoids with a latex ring.
- The presentation of a sclerosis.
- Connecting the arteries that bring blood to the inflamed joints.
- Electrocoagulation.
- Extraction of outer and inner joints.
Hemorrhoids of Grade III
Manual landing:
- Use of latex rings.
- Sclerotherapy.
- Lowering the arteries.
- Electrocoagulation.
- Extraction.
Hemorrhoids of scale IV
Impossible Node Reduce: Removing inflamed joints with a special device.
Stages of development of hemorrhoids
Not every method is suitable for the treatment of hemorrhoids in one case or another.The final solution affects how the outer and internal plexuses relate exactly.If the pathology is dominating the joints - inside, then you can do without surgery.The methods are described above.
Before making a final diagnosis, the patient needs a thorough examination.The first thing to do is to examine the rectum and the big intestine.First of all, this applies to patients over 45 years old, with an inherited predisposition to oncology, as with hemorrhoids there may be disease at the same time:
- Malignant rectum tumor.
- Polyps.
Also, the symptoms (or more precisely, the degree of its severity), the size of the joints and episodality affect the choice of a particular method of treatment.
With poor severity of symptoms, rare loss, it is best to choose conservative therapy.The first and important thing to which the aim is to correct nutrition, eliminate constipation and pressure during intestinal emptying.The diet should contain a sufficient amount of water, as constipation often occurs with a lack of fluid, which is why the intestines are forced to absorb it from the feces.
To facilitate this situation, the following is important:
- The predominant component in the diet is fiber.
- Periodic introduction of laxatives.
- The appointment of phlebobotes to the patient.
Conservative therapy is mainly used during an acute deterioration of the disease.The other treatment is contraindicated.If the disease is in stage 1 and 2, other methods are also contraindicated.What is included in conservative treatment:
- Special diet.
- Slasping drugs.
- Rectal candles, ointments.
- Flebotropic drugs.
Patiento patient is described by the diet.The main purpose is to normalize a chair.Often, one of the main provocative factors is precisely constipation or diarrhea.The diet for this disease categorically prohibits:
- Sharp
- Salt
- Baking
- alcohol
The diary means additional examinations.It is a result of examinations that affect diet and treatment correction.If the patient is prone to constipation, then a separate diet is recommended.The list of products and other shades can be seen in a separate section.For a laxative effect, recommended:
- Dried apricots.
- Prunes.
- Dried apricots.
- Fig.
If the diet does not eliminate the stagnant effect on the intestines, the use of laxatives begins.Now it will not be difficult to find them: just go to a pharmacy and ask.Don't take them for yourself.Dose and drug brand depend on the following factors:
- Individual characteristics of the body.
- Accompanying diseases.
- Age
- Doctor's decisions.
Until the final treatment is prescribed, the doctor prescribes the patient 1 tablespoon.l.Vaseline oil (2-3 times a day).
Basic in the treatment of pathology
But it's worth remembering that no other ointments and medicines will save you completely from the problem.They only temporarily eliminate the symptoms, and no more.Conservative therapy will be ineffective if venous plexuses fall regularly: only radical treatment methods will help here.
Also, when prescribing forms of the dose of the drug, certain factors are taken into account.For example, rectum candles are not suitable for patients with a pronounced pain syndrome.In this case, the oil is preferable.In some cases, combinations are acceptable.
There is no need to list the entire list of medicines from this pathology, as it is very large.The determining factor is the individual characteristics of the body and the patient's personal complaints.
What affects the choice of ointments or candles:
- Acute hemorrhoids with thrombosis.
- Inflammation.
At the same time, anesthesia, anti -inflammatory drugs that relieve edema are prescribed.It is necessary to use such medicines for a certain time, as they contain hormones and not -non -inflammatory.
The use of phlebotropic is a prerequisite for medication therapy.
Small -invasive treatment
Sclerotherapy
This is a method in which a special solution is inserted into the area of the hemorrhoids - sclerosant joints.With proper administration, manipulation does not cause pain.Local anesthesia is not used.The duration is not more than 10 minutes.Hospital hospitalization is not necessary.After the procedure, you can continue to lead the same way of life.Within two days in the anus, unpleasant sensations are possible.This method is used in a pathology in a chronic stage (blood is released, the plexuses are not prolonged).This method is rarely used, as manipulation is quite complex, and with accurate administration of the drug, mucosa necrosis is possible.As a rule, the period of tranquility after manipulation is about 3-7 years.
Coagulation
The method by which if the radiation acts in the inflamed areas.With it, hemorrhoids tissue begins to die gradually.After manipulation, you can lead the style of previous life.Painful sensations are possible for two days.The method it is used in 1 and 2 stages of pathology, where the size of places is small.The quiet period is 3-7 years, without serious complications.
Latex rings fixing
This procedure is more common among all other methods.Its pluses:
- Low cost.
- A wide range of indications.
- Lack of risk of complications.
After all is that the latex ring is applied to the site area.This is done using a ligator.Due to the pressure of the ring, he begins to die and refuse.Manipulation of fasting in performing (3-5 minutes), simple, practically painless.After connecting, you can lead the style of previous life.Painful sensations are possible for two days.The connection method is shown in stage 1-3 of the pathology.There are almost no complications.Sometimes there is blood flow when the ring leaves.Minus of the procedure - only 1 site is removed for 1 session, the following manipulation is possible only after a few weeks.
Artery
The proximal connection method allows you to find the localization of all arteries that supply inflamed areas and bandages.In this method, local anesthesia is used.Perform the procedure with an anoscope with a knot.As a result of the artery coating, the inflamed areas disappear.The duration of the procedure is about half an hour.The sensations of pain are almost not observed.Pain is possible within two days, and an increase in temperature.You can lead the same lifestyle.This method is used at all stages of pathology.
Pros: Pros:
- Lack of deletion tissue.
- Reducing the rehabilitation period.
- Processing 1 time.
- A longer period of calm (5-10 years).
Offenses:
- The procedure is longer than others.
- Pain
- High cost.
Surgical intervention
Milligan-Morgan's operation
This method of surgical intervention involves the removal of external and internal swelling, with their subsequent coating.Apply at all stages of the disease.Nuances:
- General anesthesia.
- Need for 3-5 hospitalization daily hospital.
- Reduction of performance within 10-15 days.
- A long recovery period - about 1 month.
- The duration of manipulation is about half an hour.
The advantages are that this is the only and radical method of therapy.The calm period is up to 12 years, repeated relaps are possible only in 15-30 % of cases.Cons in painful sensations for 2-4 days.We need an analgesic.The recovery period is long, as well as the appearance of wounds and a decrease in the tone of anal sphincter.
Longo
This method involves shortening the mucous membrane of the rectum.It is performed using a special stapler.Countries lose the possibility of extension, and blood flow decreases.Shown by pathology at all stages.Nuances:
- General anesthesia.
- Hospital hospitalization for 2-4 days.
- The recovery period is 3-5 days.
The advantages of the procedure are similar to hemorrhoidctomy, the low severity of the pain;Recovery is fast, no complications.Minus-at high cost (due to the use of a stapler).
cONcluSiON
The methods described in the article are not the only ones with which hemorrhoids are treated.Cryotherapy is also used.But this method is not so widespread, as there is a discharge discharge from the anus, the depth of exposure is not controlled.
The patient himself has the right to decide whether to see her a doctor or not.Of course, it is worth paying attention to the frequency of bleeding and pain, as frequent blood release causes anemia.Otherwise, hemorrhoids are not very dangerous to life.But it is worth warning that the sooner you consult a doctor, the better.Thus, you will avoid a more radical method of treatment and improve life.
Remember that only a proctologist can help solve this problem.If you notice the following signs:
- Periodic anal bleeding.
- Itching and burning in the anus.
- Feelings of discomfort and pain - contact a proctologist immediately!In no case do you -I have it!